Apparatus and methods for uplink mimo enhancement in wireless systems

ABSTRACT

Apparatus and methods for increasing throughput in wireless systems and networks. In one embodiment, the apparatus and methods provide enhanced performance to 5G millimeter-wave user devices via expanded use of spatial multiplexing layers in various uplink (UL) operating modes, including transform precode and non-transform precode modes. In one implementation, the methods and apparatus described herein can be utilized with respect to a 3GPP 5G NR UE scheduled dynamically in UL transmission. In another implementation, the methods and apparatus described herein can be utilized with respect to the UE scheduled with a Configured Grant (CG) UL transmission.

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BACKGROUND 1. Technological Field

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wirelessdevices and networks thereof, and specifically in one exemplary aspectto enhancement of uplink transmission techniques for a radio networkutilizing millimeter wave spectrum.

2. Description of Related Technology

A multitude of wireless networking technologies, also known as RadioAccess Technologies (“RATs”), provide the underlying means of connectionfor radio-based communication networks to user devices. Such RATs oftenutilize licensed radio frequency spectrum (i.e., that allocated by theFCC per the Table of Frequency Allocations as codified at Section 2.106of the Commission's Rules). Currently only frequency bands between 9 kHzand 275 GHz have been allocated (i.e., designated for use by one or moreterrestrial or space radio communication services or the radio astronomyservice under specified conditions). For example, a typical cellularservice provider might utilize spectrum for so-called “3G” (thirdgeneration) and “4G” (fourth generation) wireless communications asshown in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1 Tech- nology Bands 3G 850 MHz Cellular, Band 5 (GSM/GPRS/EDGE).1900 MHz PCS, Band 2 (GSM/GPRS/EDGE). 850 MHz Cellular, Band 5(UMTS/HSPA+ up to 21 Mbit/s). 1900 MHz PCS, Band 2 (UMTS/HSPA+ up to 21Mbit/s). 4G 700 MHz Lower B/C, Band 12/17 (LTE). 850 MHz Cellular, Band5 (LTE). 1700/2100 MHz AWS, Band 4 (LTE). 1900 MHz PCS, Band 2 (LTE).2300 MHz WCS, Band 30 (LTE).

Alternatively, unlicensed spectrum may be utilized, such as that withinthe so-called ISM-bands. The ISM bands are defined by the ITU RadioRegulations (Article 5) in footnotes 5.138, 5.150, and 5.280 of theRadio Regulations. In the United States, uses of the ISM bands aregoverned by Part 18 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)rules, while Part 15 contains the rules for unlicensed communicationdevices, even those that share ISM frequencies. Additionally, the 5 GHzband has been allocated for use by, e.g., WLAN equipment.

User client devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, phablets, laptops,smartwatches, or other wireless-enabled devices, mobile or otherwise)generally support multiple RATs that enable the devices to connect toone another, or to networks (e.g., the Internet, intranets, orextranets), often including RATs associated with both licensed andunlicensed spectrum. In particular, wireless access to other networks byclient devices is made possible by wireless technologies that utilizenetworked hardware, such as a wireless access point (“WAP” or “AP”),small cells, femtocells, or cellular towers, serviced by a backend orbackhaul portion of service provider network (e.g., a cable network or amobile network operator (MNO) network). A user may generally access thenetwork at a node or “hotspot,” a physical location at which the usermay obtain access by connecting to modems, routers, APs, etc. that arewithin wireless range.

Millimeter Wave Communications

NG-RAN or “NextGen RAN (Radio Area Network)” is part of the 3GPP “5G”next generation radio system. 3GPP is currently specifying Release 17NG-RAN, its components, and interactions among the involved nodesincluding so-called “gNBs” (next generation Node B's or eNBs). NG-RANwill provide high-bandwidth, low-latency wireless communication andefficiently utilize, depending on application, both licensed andunlicensed spectrum of the type described supra in a wide variety ofdeployment scenarios, including indoor “spot” use, urban “macro” (largecell) coverage, rural coverage, use in vehicles, and “smart” grids andstructures. NG-RAN will also integrate with 4G/4.5G systems andinfrastructure, and moreover new LTE entities are used (e.g., an“evolved” LTE eNB or “eLTE eNB” which supports connectivity to both theEPC (Evolved Packet Core) and the NR “NGC” (Next Generation Core).

In some aspects, NG-RAN leverages technology and functions of extantLTE/LTE-A technologies, as bases for further functional development andcapabilities. Furthermore, earlier Releases of 3GPP (e.g., Release 14)have laid the groundwork for many aspects of the 5G specification. Forinstance, one of the salient features of 5G is extending LTE into themillimeter wave (also referred to as “mmWave”) frequency band (24GHz-100 GHz). Utilizing millimeter wave frequency bands in 5G systemswill provide 5G wireless channels with more than ten times greaterbandwidth than 4G LTE 20 MHz channel, as well as supporting therequisite ultra-low latency (e.g., 1 ms roundtrip) specified for 5Gsystems. The higher bandwidth range in millimeter wave frequency bandscan increase the effective data rates of the systems to hundreds ofMbps.

In addition to 3GPP 5G, the 57-64 GHz millimeter wave band is currentlyutilized by recent WLAN technologies; see e.g., IEEE Std. 802.11ad.Using these millimeter wave frequencies in WLAN can improve datathroughput from e.g., 1 Gbps in the 5 GHz band to data rates on theorder of 7 Gbps or higher. Competing technologies in 60 GHz unlicensedspectrum, such as IEEE Std. 802.11ay, support up to eight-layer SU-MIMOtransmission.

Limited Uplink Capacity in 5G Millimeter Wave Systems

The 3GPP 5G network specifications include utilization of a range ofspectrum frequencies, including the mmWave bands such as those of 28 GHzand 39 GHz. The mmWave frequencies provide the availability of very highassociated data rates and plentiful spectrum, including as aggregatedchannel bandwidth of 1 GHz and higher. Systems utilizing the foregoingmmWave frequency bands offer the potential of such very high data ratesby exploiting the large amount of available spectrum, coupled with theability to encode greater amounts of data within any given spectrum dueto the high frequency of the carrier(s). For instance, some bandsprovide 10 GHz of available spectrum, which is more than all thespectrum below 6 GHz currently (partially) used for cellularcommunications.

Due to this plentiful available mmWave spectrum, carriers and otheroperators want to expand usage of mmWave spectrum in conjunction with3GPP 5G technology. The use of mmWave will allow increased networkcapacity and data sharing, including e.g., on backhauls from e.g., gNBs(5G base stations). Such backhauls are often the “bottlenecks” innetwork performance and throughput (as compared to the air interfacebetween the UE and the gNB). Therefore, the increased bandwidth andspectrum of mmWave can be used to greatly enhance a carrier's networkperformance and data rate within such backhauls.

Moreover, the increased network capacity improves network Quality ofService (QoS). As previously noted, the increased bandwidth furtherreduces the overall latency associated with the network, and henceenables some remote applications (e.g., VR/AR, remote healthcareapplications, and autonomous vehicles) to experience fastercommunications via the network.

Likewise, 5G NR contemplates use of mmWave frequencies between basestations or small cells and mobile devices (UEs), such as in dense urbanareas, indoors such as malls or stadiums, and the like, acting in effectas a complement to longer-range sub-6 GHz band systems.

Compared with wireless systems utilizing spectrum below 6 GHz, ammWave-based wireless system experiences substantially differentphysical characteristics, such as higher path loss and diffractionlosses, and stronger directionality. For instance, resonances of oxygenand other gasses in the air may cause certain bands to suffer fromcomparatively high levels of atmospheric signal absorption, as can rainand snow. Moreover, mmWave frequencies typically suffer very heavylosses when propagating through other media such as building walls. See,e.g., “Overview of Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation(5G) Wireless Networks-with a focus on Propagation Models,” Rappaport,T. S., et al, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, SpecialIssue on 5G, Nov. 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety, which describes various physical and path loss issues andmodels for mmWave systems. Hence, although the mmWave systems offerlarger bandwidth and unprecedented data rates, achieving the promiseddata rates faces several challenges compared to the current 4G/LTEsystems or other systems.

Notably, among the mm Wave frequencies, frequencies between 52.6 GHz-71GHZ are especially interesting because of their proximity to sub-52.6GHz for which the extant 5G NR system is optimized. Hence, 3GPP Release17 is currently extending 5G NR operation to the frequency range 52.6GHz-71 GHz, see 3GPP RP-193258, entitled “NEW SID: Study on SupportingNR from 52.6 to 71 GHz”, TSG RAN Meeting #86, Sitges, Spain, dated Dec.9-12, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.As described in RP-193258, frequencies above 52.6 GHz are faced withmore difficult challenges than the frequency ranges below 52.6 GHZ, suchas higher phase noise, larger propagation loss, lower power amplifierefficiencies, strong power spectra, and density requirements.

In addition, 3GPP has initiated further study to define the requiredchanges to 5G NR using the existing air DL/UL air interfaces to supportoperation between 52.6 GHz-71 GHz. Since these frequencies have a veryshort wavelength, it enables the use of large antenna arrays at both gNBand UE to be placed in a compact form, where each individual antennaelement is placed at a short distance from the other antenna element inthe array (at least equal to wavelength/2). For instance, for a 52 GHzwaveform, the wavelength (λ) is on the order of 5.5 mm, and as suchindividual antenna element can be placed at a spacing of about 2-3 mm,thereby supporting very large numbers of individual antenna elements invery small areas. As such, the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)transmission techniques, as studied in 3GPP, are required fortransmitting multiple spatial layers on the same time-frequencyresources to enable efficient data transmission in UL/DL in 52.6 GHz-71GHz.

In the 4G LTE advanced system, UL transmission supports up to four (4)spatial layers and two codewords (each codeword is equivalent to onetransport block) on a single Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH),where each codeword 102 can be mapped to two layers. That is, each ofthe multiple spatial layers utilizes common time-frequency resources ofthe OFDM air interface. The codeword-to-layer mapping can be used tosplit the data into layers (See FIG. 1). The number of layers created bylayer mapping 104, which can be up to as many as antenna ports 106,defines the data rates for the UE 100.

In contrast, as described in 3GPP Release 15 and 16, the 5G NR UE 100supports the transmission to the gNB 402 of up to four (4) layers andonly a single codeword in Cyclic Prefix (CP)-OFDM mode (see FIG. 4A),while only a single layer is supported in transform precoding (i.e.,Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-S-OFDM) mode (see FIG. 4B). As a briefaside, CP-OFDM is generally the “default” mode, with DFT-S-OFDM onlybeing used by the UE when commanded by the gNB during instances of pooruplink coverage.

The foregoing generally forces a given 5G NR application into adichotomy of either enhanced coverage (area) or enhanced datathroughput. For example, if DFT-S-OFDM is selected on the UL to improveUL coverage, the aforementioned single MIMO layer limitation willseverely throttle UL data rates which could otherwise be achievable viause of mmWave spectrum. So, it is effectively “coverage or data rate,but not both” under the existing solution when applied to mmWave.

Moreover, in existing 5G NR systems, the gNB instructs the UE onscheduling uplinks (e.g., data which is transmitted on the PUSCH) viaDownlink Control Information (DCI) format. In “dynamic” scheduling, thePUSCH-ServingCellConfig IE configures UE-specific PUSCH parameters of aserving cell, including maximum number of MIMO layers (up to 4) when theUE is scheduled with DCI Format 0_1, as described in 3GPP TS 38.331v16.0.0; see FIGS. 2A-2B. As shown in FIG. 2B, the maximum of number ofMIMO layers allowed for UL (i.e., UE to gNB) transmission is limited to4.

In 5G NR, the UE can also be configured in Configured Grant (CG)-PUSCHmode. In CG-PUSCH mode, resources are allocated to the UE by the gNB,and the UE uses these resources to transmit data on the PUSCH directlyto the gNB (i.e., without transmitting scheduling request (SR)). Asshown in FIG. 3A-3B, when the UE is configured in CG mode, the MIMOprecoding matrix and the number of UL layers is specified in theprecodingAndNumberOfLayers parameter (an integer in range 1 to 63,communicating both precoding and layer configuration). Theinterpretation of this integer is the same as the interpretation ofprecoding and layer information indicated in the precoding and layerinformation field in DCI Format 0_1 for a scheduled PUSCH, describedabove.

Hence, since the proposed 52.6-71 GHz frequency range enables the use oflarge antenna arrays at the UE, and the extant 5G NR specificationsdefine only 1 MIMO layer (in the case of the UE using DFT-S-OFDM), andonly 4 layers (in the case of the UE using CP-ODFM), the UE cannotachieve anywhere near the theoretical maximum throughputs provided viause of large antenna arrays when operating in mmWave bands. As such, thehigh quality of service, very high data rates, and low latency expectedfrom use of the increased bandwidth afforded by mmWave frequencies islargely frustrated.

Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved apparatus and methodsfor increasing throughput within wireless systems such as e.g., 5G NRunlicensed systems. Specifically, what is needed are, inter alia,methods and apparatus to efficiently increase the 5G NR UL throughput inassociation with use of larger antenna element arrays, while notrequiring fundamental changes to the underlying architecture orprotocols. Ideally, such improved methods and apparatus would also notforce operation to support either (but not both) of coverage andthroughput, but rather could enable both enhanced throughput andcoverage simultaneously.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure addresses the foregoing needs by providing, interalia, methods and apparatus enhancing data throughput and/or coverage ina wireless network.

In one aspect of the disclosure, MIMO-based enhancements includingincreasing the number of spatial layers that can be transmitted on an ULwithin a 3GPP 5G NR system are described. In one variant, theseenhancements are applied within devices (e.g., 5G NR-compliant UE)operating in the mmWave spectrum (e.g., above 50 Ghz). In oneimplementation thereof, multiples of 2 (e.g., 8 or 16) UL MIMO layersare provided during closed-loop spatial multiplexing operation, with theimproved UE comprising an equivalent number (e.g., 8 or 16) of antennaports.

In another aspect of the disclosure, enhanced layer and codewordcapability is provided for multiple possible selections of UL operatingmode. In one embodiment, the enhanced capability expands the extant4-layer/single codeword configuration associated with current 5G NR(Release 15/16) Cyclic Prefix (CP)-OFDM mode, as well as expanding onthe single layer limitation currently supported in transform precode(i.e., Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-S-OFDM) mode.

In another aspect a computerized mobile device employing multipleantenna elements and multiple antenna ports and configured for usewithin a wireless network is disclosed. In one embodiment, thecomputerized mobile device includes: digital processor apparatus;wireless interface apparatus in data communication with the digitalprocessor apparatus and configured for wireless communication using themultiple antenna elements and multiple ports at the computerized mobiledevice with a radio area network (RAN) utilizing a wireless accesstechnology; a multiple antenna element module in data communication withthe digital processor apparatus, and storage apparatus in datacommunication with the digital processor apparatus and comprising astorage medium, the storage medium comprising at least one computerprogram.

In one variant, the at least one computer program is configured to, whenexecuted on the digital processor apparatus, employ multiple antennaelements and associated ports to establish data communication with anetwork entity (e.g., enhanced gNB) associated with the RAN, such as viaa PUSCH.

In another variant, the at least one computer program is configured to,when executed on the digital processor further includes enable thecomputerized mobile device to establish communications with the RANusing enhanced spatial multiplexing techniques in either CP-OFDM orDFT-S-OFDM modes.

In one implementation, the computerized mobile device comprises a 5G NRcapable UE (user equipment) which is equipped to operate in mmWavefrequency ranges (e.g., 52.6-71 GHz).

In another aspect of disclosure, an enhancedMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission framework for usewithin a wireless network is disclosed. In one embodiment, the wirelessnetwork utilizes 3GPP 5G protocols, and the transmission frameworkenables specification of one or more parameters relating to increasingnumber of layers in UL transmission for User Devices (UEs) within thenetwork. In one variant, the increasing number of layers is implementedvia specification of new or modified Information Elements (IEs) datawithin the framework, in conjunction with enhanced UEs having anincreased number of antenna ports.

In one implementation, the network is operated by a multiple systemsoperator (MSO), and is configured to utilize at least one ofquasi-licensed or unlicensed spectrum.

In one implementation, the IE PUSCH_ServingCellConfig is enhanced toincrease the number of layers in UL transmission.

In another implementation, a MIMO layer information element (IE)protocol is enhanced to enable an increase in the number of layers in ULtransmission.

In another implementation, a PUSCH configuration IE is enhanced toenable an increase in the number of layers in UL transmission.

In another implementation, a number of Demodulation Reference Signals(DRS) and associated Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) groups areincreased according to the increased number of layers in ULtransmission.

In another aspect, a method for operating an enhanced UE employingmultiple antennas in a wireless network is disclosed. In one embodiment,the method includes: measuring MIMO channel via receiving referencesignals; analyzing the measured channel samples to determine the maximumnumber of spatial layers that can be supported by the MIMO channel;notifying a base station of the maximum number of spatial layers;configuring the UE for MIMO transmission including the maximum number ofspatial layers in UL by the base station; and transmitting data in UL tothe base station using the MIMO transmission configuration.

In one embodiment, the MIMO transmission configuration includes 3GPPpre-defined transform precoding techniques, such as DFT-S-OFDM.

In another embodiment, if the base station notifies the UE to cancel thetransform precoding, the UE falls back to the its previous MIMOtransmission technique (e.g., CP-OFDM) including the previous number oflayers used for transmission in UL.

In another embodiment, the method includes operating the enhanced UEusing dynamic scheduling in the UL by the network.

Alternatively, in a further embodiment, the method includes operatingthe enhanced UE in the UL via scheduling based on Configured Grant (CG)resources by the network. In one such implementation, when the UE isconfigured with CG resources, the UE may reevaluate the number of layersthat it can utilize to transmit data in the UL, and decide to decreasethe number of layers, including notifying the base station of thedecrease.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an enhanced UE (user equipment)apparatus, or UE_(e), for use within a wireless network is disclosed. Inone embodiment, the UE_(e) includes both 4G/4.5G E-UTRAN-based and 5GNR-based wireless interfaces and associated protocol stacks, and isconfigured to support a large array of antenna elements for transmissionand reception of data in mmWave frequency ranges. In one variant, theUE_(e) is configured to operate its 5G NR interface(s) within the52.6-71 GHz range, and includes enhancement logic to enable use ofincreased layerization in various uplink modes including dynamic andpre-scheduled modes.

In one variant, the UE_(e) is configured as a user mobile device (e.g.,smartphone or tablet). In another variant, the UE_(e) is configured as aCPE (consumer premises equipment) such as a fixed wireless access (FWA)device mounted on a pole or rooftop or building facade, and used tosupport other wireline or wireless premises devices such as WLANAPs/routers, or MSO set-top boxes.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a wireless access node isdisclosed. In one embodiment, the node includes a 3GPP-compliant (e.g.,5G Release-17 compliant) gNB and includes: a receiver module, atransmitter module, a plurality of antenna elements, and a MIMO logicmodule. In one variant, the gNB may further include: a processorapparatus; a wireless modem chipset in data communication with processorapparatus; a program memory in data communication with processorapparatus; an RF front end module; and a network interface module indata communication with a core network such as for e.g., backhaul of theaccess node. In further implementation, the program memory includes atleast one program which is configured to, when executed to the processorapparatus, causes transmission and reception of communication signals insupport of MIMO signaling and processing functions of an enhancedmmWave-capable 5G UE.

In another embodiment, the node includes a 5G NR gNB having at least oneCU (controller unit) and a plurality of DU (distributed units) in datacommunication therewith. In one variant, the MIMO enhancement logic isdisposed within one or more of the DU. In another variant, the logic isdivided between one or more of the DU and the CU for that gNB.

In another aspect of disclosure, computer readable apparatus isdisclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a storage mediumconfigured to store one or more computer program. In embodiment, theapparatus includes a program memory or HDD or SDD on a computerizedcontroller device, such as MSO controller. In another embodiment, theapparatus includes a program memory, HDD or SDD on a computerized accessnode (e.g. gNB or UE).

In another aspect, an integrated circuit (IC) device implementing one ormore of the foregoing aspects is disclosed and described. In oneembodiment, the IC device is embodied as a SoC (system on Chip) device.In another embodiment, an ASIC (application specific IC) is used as thebasis of the device. In yet another embodiment, a chip set (i.e.,multiple ICs used in coordinated fashion) is disclosed. In yet anotherembodiment, the device comprises a multi-logic block FPGA device. Insome variants, the foregoing IC includes logic implementing selectiveMIMO enhancement for a mmWave-capable 5G NR UE. In other variants, theforegoing IC includes logic implementing selective MIMO enhancement fora Release-17 compliant gNB.

In a further aspect, enhanced protocols useful for signaling UEMIMO/layer capabilities/configuration, and instructing UE how toconfigure themselves for multi-layer operation, are disclosed. In oneembodiment, the protocols comprise enhanced or expanded capability IEsused for UE and UL channel configuration and scheduling under earlierreleases (e.g., Release 15 or 16).

In yet another aspect of the disclosure, and air interface module isdisclosed. In one embodiment, the air interface module includes aplurality of short-wavelength (e.g., mmWave) antenna elements served bya plurality of ports of an RF front end and supporting baseband chipset.In one variant, the module includes a large number (e.g., 16 or greater)antenna elements and a like number of antenna ports which are accessibleby the UE on UL transmissions via multiple layer processing in eitherCP-OFDM or precode transform (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM) modes of operation,thereby enhancing data throughput regardless of the mode selected. Inone implementation, the antenna elements are configured for operationwithin the 52.6-71 GHz band.

In another aspect, methods and apparatus for increasing a maximum uplinktransport block size are disclosed. In one embodiment, UL parameterssuch as the maximum number of MIMO layers on a PUSCH, the UE's maximumnumber of layers, and a rank parameter are configured with enhancedrange, thereby dictating the larger maximum block size which scalesautomatically under existing protocols.

In a further aspect of the disclosure, an improved data structure (e.g.,DCI Format 0_1 format) is disclosed. In one embodiment, an existingnumber of bits in the structure (e.g., 6) is utilized to encode aplurality of different precode matrix and layer number combinations,including layer numbers above 4 for UL CP-OFDM mode operation. Inanother embodiment, additional bits are added to enable encoding of alarger number of precode matrix/layer number combinations, such as forvery large mmWave MIMO arrays (e.g., 8-bits, 10-bits, etc.). In onevariant, reserved fields are used to support the additionalcombinations.

In yet another aspect, a method of enhancing UL data throughput forPUSCH scheduled or configured grants is disclosed. In one embodiment,additional CG UCI data is included with the CG-PUSCH transmission whichencodes both the precode matrix and number of layers to be used fordecoding by the gNBe. In some variants, codeword data is also includedwhich can signal the use of multiple codewords (and hence multiple othercodeword-specific UCI data values such as RV or NDI or HARQ bits).

These and other aspects shall become apparent when considered in lightof the disclosure provided herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary prior artconfiguration of a 3GPP MIMO UL transmission chain of an OFDM-based UE.

FIG. 2A is a first tabular representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPPUSCH-ServingCellConfig information element (IE).

FIG. 2B is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPPUSCH-ServingCellConfig IE parameters.

FIG. 3A is a tabular representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPConfiguredGrantConfig IE.

FIG. 3B is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPConfiguredGrantConfig parameters.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating a prior art architectureincluding UE and gNB, illustrating CP-OFDM UL operation using a maximumof four layers.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating a prior art architectureincluding UE and gNB, illustrating precode transform (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM)UL operation using a maximum of one layer.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a networkarchitecture with enhanced MIMO functionality (including UE_(e) andgNB_(e)) according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary configuration of a3GPP 5G NR MIMO UL transmission chain of an OFDM-based mmWave-capableUE_(e) according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating one embodiment of auser device (e.g., enhanced UE or user equipment such as a 5G NR-enabledmobile device) configured according to the disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram illustrating one embodiment of awireless access node (e.g., enhanced base station or 3GPP 5G NR gNB_(e))configured according to the disclosure.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrates various embodiments of an enhanced gNB(gNB_(e)) CU/DU architecture according to the disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a first exemplary MSO networkarchitecture useful in conjunction with various methods and apparatusdescribed herein.

FIG. 10 is logic flow diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodimentof a generalized method for configuring a user device for enhanced MIMOUL transmission.

FIG. 11 is logic flow diagram illustrating a first exemplaryimplementation of the method of FIG. 10.

FIG. 11A is logic flow diagram illustrating a second exemplaryimplementation of the method of FIG. 10, wherein transitions to/fromtransform precode mode operation are used.

FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment ofenhanced PUSCH-ServingCellConfig IE including enhanced maxMIMO-Layersspecification.

FIG. 13A is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPMIMO-Layers parameter IE.

FIG. 13B is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment of anenhanced 3GPP MIMO-Layers parameters IE according to the disclosure.

FIG. 14A is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPPUSCH-Config parameter IE.

FIG. 14B is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment of anenhanced IE PUSCH-Config parameter IE according to the disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a table representing one embodiment of enhanced precoding andlayer information according to the disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a multi-layer(here, 8 layer) UL MIMO codebook according to the disclosure.

FIG. 17A is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art DMRSspecification which can support a maximum of 4 layers.

FIG. 17B is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment of anenhanced DMRS specification according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 18A is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment of aprior art SRS information element.

FIG. 18B is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment of anenhanced SRS information element according to the disclosure.

FIG. 19 is logic flow diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of amethod for configuring a UEe for CG-PUSCH UL transmission.

FIG. 19A is logic flow diagram illustrating an exemplary implementationof the method of FIG. 19.

FIG. 20A is a tabular representation of exemplary prior art UCIinformation set.

FIG. 20B is a tabular representation of a first exemplary embodiment ofan enhanced UCI information set according to the disclosure.

FIG. 20C is a tabular representation of a second exemplary embodiment ofan enhanced UCI information set according to the disclosure.

All figures © Copyright 2020 Charter Communications Operating, LLC. Allrights reserved.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer tolike parts throughout.

As used herein, the term “application” (or “app”) refers generally andwithout limitation to a unit of executable software that implements acertain functionality or theme. The themes of applications vary broadlyacross any number of disciplines and functions (such as on-demandcontent management, e-commerce transactions, brokerage transactions,home entertainment, calculator etc.), and one application may have morethan one theme. The unit of executable software generally runs in apredetermined environment; for example, the unit could include adownloadable Java Xlet™ that runs within the JavaTV™ environment.

As used herein, the terms “client device” or “user device” or “UE”include, but are not limited to, set-top boxes (e.g., DSTBs), gateways,modems, personal computers (PCs), and minicomputers, whether desktop,laptop, or otherwise, and mobile devices such as handheld computers,PDAs, personal media devices (PMDs), tablets, “phablets”, smartphones,wireless nodes such as FWA devices or femtocells/small-cells, andvehicle infotainment systems or portions thereof.

As used herein, the term “computer program” or “software” is meant toinclude any sequence or human or machine cognizable steps which performa function. Such program may be rendered in virtually any programminglanguage or environment including, for example, C/C++, Fortran, COBOL,PASCAL, Ruby, Python, assembly language, markup languages (e.g., HTML,SGML, XML, VoXML), and the like, as well as object-oriented environmentssuch as the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Java™(including J2ME, Java Beans, etc.) and the like.

As used herein, the term “DOCSIS” refers to any of the existing orplanned variants of the Data Over Cable Services InterfaceSpecification, including for example DOCSIS versions 3.0, 3.1 and 4.0.

As used herein, the term “headend” or “backend” refers generally to anetworked system controlled by an operator (e.g., an MSO) thatdistributes programming to MSO clientele using client devices, orprovides other services such as high-speed data delivery and backhaul.

As used herein, the terms “Internet” and “internet” are usedinterchangeably to refer to inter-networks including, withoutlimitation, the Internet. Other common examples include but are notlimited to: a network of external servers, “cloud” entities (such asmemory or storage not local to a device, storage generally accessible atany time via a network connection, and the like), service nodes, accesspoints, controller devices, client devices, etc.

As used herein, the term “LTE” refers to, without limitation and asapplicable, any of the variants or Releases of the Long-Term Evolutionwireless communication standard, including LTE-U (Long Term Evolution inunlicensed spectrum), LTE-LAA (Long Term Evolution, Licensed AssistedAccess), LTE-A (LTE Advanced), 4G LTE, WiMAX, VoLTE (Voice over LTE),and other wireless data standards.

As used herein, the term “memory” includes any type of integratedcircuit or other storage device adapted for storing digital dataincluding, without limitation, ROM, PROM, EEPROM, DRAM, SDRAM,(G)DDR/2/3/4/5/6 SDRAM, EDO/FPMS, RLDRAM, SRAM, “flash” memory (e.g.,NAND/NOR), 3D memory, stacked memory such as HBM/HBM2, spin-RAM andPSRAM.

As used herein, the terms “microprocessor” and “processor” or “digitalprocessor” are meant generally to include all types of digitalprocessing devices including, without limitation, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computers (RISC),general-purpose (CISC) processors, microprocessors, GPUs (graphicsprocessing units), gate arrays (e.g., FPGAs), PLDs, reconfigurablecomputer fabrics (RCFs), array processors, secure microprocessors, andapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Such digitalprocessors may be contained on a single unitary IC die, or distributedacross multiple components.

As used herein, the term “mmWave” refers to, without limitation, anydevice or technology or methodology utilizing millimeter wave spectrumbetween 24 GHz and 300 GHz.

As used herein, the terms “MNO” or “mobile network operator” refer to acellular, satellite phone, WMAN (e.g., 802.16), or other network serviceprovider having infrastructure required to deliver services includingwithout limitation voice and data over those mediums. The term “MNO” asused herein is further intended to include MVNOs, MNVAs, and MVNEs.

As used herein, the terms “MSO” or “multiple systems operator” refer toa cable, satellite, or terrestrial network provider havinginfrastructure required to deliver services including programming anddata over those mediums.

As used herein, the terms “network” and “bearer network” refer generallyto any type of telecommunications or data network including, withoutlimitation, hybrid fiber coax (HFC) networks, satellite networks, telconetworks, and data networks (including MANs, WANs, LANs, WLANs,internets, and intranets). Such networks or portions thereof may utilizeany one or more different topologies (e.g., ring, bus, star, loop,etc.), transmission media (e.g., wired/RF cable, RF wireless, millimeterwave, optical, etc.) and/or communications technologies or networkingprotocols (e.g., SONET, DOCSIS, IEEE Std. 802.3, ATM, X.25, Frame Relay,3GPP, 3GPP2, LTE/LTE-A/LTE-U/LTE-LAA, 5GNR, WAP, SIP, UDP, FTP,RTP/RTCP, H.323, etc.).

As used herein the terms “5G” and “New Radio (NR)” refer withoutlimitation to apparatus, methods or systems compliant with 3GPP Release15-17 as applicable, and any modifications, subsequent Releases, oramendments or supplements thereto which are directed to New Radiotechnology, whether licensed or unlicensed, as well as any relatedtechnologies such as 5G NR-U.

As used herein, the term “quasi-licensed” refers without limitation tospectrum which is at least temporarily granted, shared, or allocated foruse on a dynamic or variable basis, whether such spectrum is unlicensed,shared, licensed, or otherwise.

As used herein, the term “server” refers to any computerized component,system or entity regardless of form which is adapted to provide data,files, applications, content, or other services to one or more otherdevices or entities on a computer network.

As used herein, the term “storage” refers to without limitation computerhard drives, DVR device, memory, RAID devices or arrays, optical media(e.g., CD-ROMs, Laserdiscs, Blu-Ray, etc.), or any other devices ormedia capable of storing content or other information.

As used herein the terms “unlicensed” and “unlicensed spectrum” referwithout limitation to radio frequency spectrum (e.g., from the sub-GHzrange through 100 GHz) which is generally accessible, at least on a parttime basis, for use by users not having an explicit license to use, suchas e.g., ISM-band, 2.4 GHz bands, 5 GHz bands, 6 GHz bands,quasi-licensed spectrum such as CBRS, 60 GHz (V-Band) and other mmWavebands, 5G NR-U bands, and others germane to the geographic region ofoperation (whether in the U.S. or beyond) that will be appreciated bythose of ordinary skill given the present disclosure.

As used herein, the term “Wi-Fi” refers to, without limitation and asapplicable, any of the variants of IEEE Std. 802.11 or related standardsincluding 802.11 a/b/g/n/s/v/ac/ad/ax/ay, 802.11-2012/2013 or802.11-2016, as well as Wi-Fi Direct (including inter alia, the “Wi-FiPeer-to-Peer (P2P) Specification”, incorporated herein by reference inits entirety).

Overview

In one exemplary aspect, the present disclosure provides methods andapparatus for providing wireless services which, inter alia, provideenhancement over extant UL functionality during utilization of mmWavespectrum. Specifically, UL data throughput and/or coverage are enhancedin various UL operating modes for mmWave-enabled devices, including userdevices with multiple antennas and MIMO capability.

In one embodiment, an enhanced MIMO transmission framework, whichemploys large antenna arrays and additional spatial layers in the UL toenhance capacity, is provided. For instance, in one implementation, theframework includes provision for use of an increased number of spatialmultiplexing layers in the UL for both transform precode (e.g.,DFT-S-OFDM) and non-transform precode (e.g., CP-OFDM) modes, within the52.6 GHz-71 GHz spectrum specified for 3GPP 5G NR Release-17.

Specifically, in one implementation, an enhanced 5G NR UE employingCP-OFDM utilizes a shared and dynamically allocated uplink channel(PUSCH) based on associated DCI format signaling for UL transmission ofdata from the UE to a gNB.

In a second implementation, multiple UL spatial layers are supportedwhen the enhanced UE is applying transform precoding such as DFT-S-OFDM,thereby providing higher data capacity than extant single-layercapabilities when the UE is utilizing transform precoding for better ULcoverage.

In yet another implementation, the enhanced UE utilizes one or moreconfigured grant (CG) PUSCH channels for the UL transmission of datafrom the UE to the gNB, with a configurable number of spatial layersand/or codewords. In one such configuration, one or more additionalfields (which indicates precoding and layer configuration, and codewordconfiguration if desired) are used within the CG-Uplink ControlInformation (UCI).

Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments

Exemplary embodiments of the apparatus and methods of the presentdisclosure are now described in detail. While these exemplaryembodiments are described in the context of a managed network of aservice provider (e.g., MSO and/or MNO networks), it will be recognizedthat other types of radio access technologies (“RATs”), other types ofnetworks and architectures that are configured to deliver digital data(e.g., files, text, images, games, software applications, video and/oraudio/voice) may be used consistent with the present disclosure. Suchother networks or architectures may be broadband, narrowband, orotherwise, the following therefore being merely exemplary in nature.

It will also be appreciated that while described generally in thecontext of a network providing service to a customer or consumer or enduser or subscriber (i.e., within a prescribed service area, venue, orother type of premises, or one mobile in nature), the present disclosuremay be readily adapted to other types of environments including, e.g.,outdoors, commercial/retail, or enterprise domain (e.g., businesses), oreven governmental uses. Yet other applications are possible.

Moreover, while described in the context of unlicensed (e.g., mmWave)spectrum, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill given thepresent disclosure that various of the methods and apparatus describedherein may be applied to spectrum within a licensed or quasi-licensedspectrum context (e.g., such as where the spectrum is temporarilygranted to one or more users and may be subsequently withdrawn).

Further, while some aspects of the present disclosure are described indetail with respect to so-called 5G “New Radio” (3GPP Release 17 and TS38.XXX Series Standards and beyond), some aspects are generally accesstechnology “agnostic” and hence may be used across different accesstechnologies, and can be applied to, inter alia, any type of P2MP(point-to-multipoint) or MP2P (multipoint-to-point) technology.

Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will immediatelybe recognized by persons of ordinary skill in the art with reference tothe attached drawings and detailed description of exemplary embodimentsas given below.

Uplink MIMO Enhancement Architectures and Apparatus

Referring to FIG. 5, one embodiment of an enhanced 5G NR Release17-based architecture 500 according to the present disclosure is shownand described.

As illustrated, the architecture 500 includes one or more 5G UE (UEe)devices 501 with enhanced MIMO functionality, as well as one or moreenhanced gNBs (gNBe). The architecture 500 is compliant with 3GPPRelease 17, and includes an antenna array 507 that has a comparativelylarger number of antenna elements 507 (and associated ports within theport logic 517), e.g., five or more. The UEe 505 can transmit data inthe UL to the base station 502 (e.g., gNBe) using in one embodiment upto the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers supported by itsantenna/port configuration (e.g., 6, 8, 16, or yet higher numbers). Asdiscussed in greater detail subsequently herein, the number of spatialmultiplexing layers (and hence ports and antenna elements) is bothconfigurable and mode-dependent, such that the UE (in conjunction withthe gNBe) selectively configure its UL for maximal performance. Asreferenced previously herein, the prior art (Release 15/16) limitationsor tradeoffs regarding coverage versus data throughput areadvantageously eliminated in the architecture 500 of FIG. 5, sincemultiple spatial layers are available in varying different modes of ULoperation (including CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM).

The MIMO enhancement modules or logic 509 a, 509 b enable the UEe 501and gNBe respectively to manage and supervise transmission of data in“closed loop” spatial multiplexing mode(s) in the UL, including use ofup to prescribed maximum of spatial multiplexing layers which iscorrelated to the UEe's particular capability in terms of MIMO antennaelements and ports, which under Release 17 may greatly exceed the e.g.,4 maximum layers of earlier revisions' CP-OFDM mode (and thesingle-layer maximum of DFT-S-OFDM).

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary configuration of a3GPP 5G NR MIMO UL transmission chain of an OFDM-based mmWave-capableUEe according to the present disclosure. As shown, the transmit chain ismodified from that of FIG. 1 to include, inter alia, (i) enhancedsupport of (input) codewords 503, (ii) enhanced layer mapping logic 507which enables mapping to a greater number of layers (e.g., two percodeword, or more), and an increased number of antenna/spatialmultiplexing ports 506 which may support e.g., large arrays ofmmWave-compatible antenna elements (e.g., where λ/2 is on the order of afew mm).

UE_(e) Apparatus

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of anenhanced user device such as a 5G NR UE 501 equipped for mmWavecommunication, useful for operation in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

In one exemplary embodiment as shown, the UEe 501 includes, inter alia,a processor apparatus or subsystem such as a CPU 603, flash memory orother mass storage 629, a program memory module 611, 4G basebandprocessor module 609 b with 4G/4.5G stack 624, 5G baseband processormodule 609 a with 5G NR stack 622 and MIMO enhancement logic 619 (herealso implemented as software or firmware operative to execute on theprocessor 609 a), and 5G wireless radio interface 610 and 4G/4.5G radiointerface 612 for communications with the relevant RANs (e.g., 5G-NR RANand 4G/4.5G RAN) respectively, and ultimately the EPC or NG Core 635 asapplicable. The RF interfaces 610, 612 are configured to comply with therelevant PHY standards which each supports, and include an RF front end610, 616 and antenna(s) elements 648, 649 tuned to the desiredfrequencies of operation (e.g., 52.6-71 GHz for the 5G array, and e.g.,5 GHz for the LTE/LTE-A bands). Each of the UE radios include multiplespatially diverse individual elements in e.g., a MIMO- or MISO-typeconfiguration, such that spatial diversity of the received signals canbe utilized. For example, an exemplary Qualcomm QTM052 mmWave antennamodule may be used within the UE device for mmWave reception andtransmission. Beamforming and “massive MIMO” may also be utilized withinthe logic of the UE device, in addition to the enhanced UL MIMOcapabilities described herein.

In one embodiment, the various processor apparatus 603, 609 a, 609 b mayinclude one or more of a digital signal processor, microprocessor,field-programmable gate array, GPU, or plurality of processingcomponents mounted on one or more substrates. For instance, an exemplaryQualcomm Snapdragon x50 5G modem may be used consistent with thedisclosure as the basis for the 5G BB processor 609 a.

The various BB processor apparatus 609 a, 609 b may also comprise aninternal cache memory, and a modem. As indicated, the UEe 501 in oneembodiment includes a MIMO Enhancement module 619 in the BB devicememory which is in communication with the BB processing subsystem, e.g.,as SRAM, flash and/or SDRAM components.

The program memory module 611 may implement one or more of direct memoryaccess (DMA) type hardware, so as to facilitate data accesses as is wellknown in the art. The memory module of the exemplary embodiment containsone or more computer-executable instructions that are executable by theCPU processor apparatus 603.

Other embodiments may implement the MIMO Enhancement module/logic 619functionality within dedicated hardware, logic, and/or specializedco-processors (not shown). In another embodiment, the module logic 619is integrated with the CPU processor 603 (e.g., via on-device localmemory, or via execution on the processor of externally stored code orfirmware).

In some embodiments, the UE also utilizes memory 611 or other storageconfigured to temporarily hold a number of data relating to e.g., thevarious network/gNBe configurations for UL MIMO and/or various modes.For instance, the UEe may recall data relating to particular CP-OFDM orDFT-S-OFDM layer and codeword/precode configurations used with a givengNBe or RAN from storage.

gNBe Apparatus

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of anenhanced 5G NR-enabled gNBe apparatus, useful for operation inaccordance with the present disclosure.

In one exemplary embodiment as shown, the gNBe 502 is comprised of oneor more enhanced DU (distributed units) 530, and a CU (controller unit)540 in data communication therewith, the latter in communication withthe NGC 635 via a backhaul interface such as a fiber drop, DOCSIS cablemodem, or even another mmWave system (such as one operating at adifferent frequency).

In this embodiment, the enhanced DU (DUe) 530 includes, inter alia, aprocessor apparatus or subsystem (CPU) 703, mass storage 729, a programmemory module 711, 4G/4.5G baseband processor module 709 b with 4G/4.5Gstack 724, 5G baseband processor module 709 a with 5G NR stack 722 andMIMO enhancement logic 719 (here also implemented as software orfirmware operative to execute on the processor 709 a), and 5G wirelessradio interface 710 and 4G/4.5G radio interface 712 for communicationswith the relevant UE (e.g., 5G-NR UE/UEe and 4G/4.5G UE, which may beintegrated as shown in FIG. 6) respectively. The RF interfaces 710, 712are configured to comply with the relevant PHY standards which eachsupports, and include an RF front end 710, 716 and antenna(s) elements748, 749 tuned to the desired frequencies of operation (e.g., 52.6-71GHz for the 5G array, and e.g., 5 GHz for the LTE/LTE-A bands). TheDUe's 530 each also include a local power supply 737.

Each of the gNBe radios include multiple spatially diverse individualelements in e.g., a MIMO- or MISO-type configuration, such that spatialdiversity of the received signals can be utilized. For example, theaforementioned exemplary Qualcomm QTM052 mmWave antenna module may beused within the gNBe device 502 for mmWave reception and transmission.Beamforming and “massive MIMO” may also be utilized within the logic ofthe gNBe device, in addition to the enhanced UL MIMO capabilitiesdescribed herein.

The gNBe also includes logic for signaling the relevant UEe withUEe-specific UL MIMO configuration data, and likewise for receivingUEe-specific configuration and capability data as described elsewhereherein.

In one embodiment, the various processor apparatus 703, 709 a, 709 b mayinclude one or more of a digital signal processor, microprocessor,field-programmable gate array, GPU, or plurality of processingcomponents mounted on one or more substrates. For instance, an exemplaryQualcomm Snapdragon x50 5G modem may be used consistent with thedisclosure as the basis for the 5G BB processor 709 a.

The various BB processor apparatus 709 a, 709 b may also comprise aninternal cache memory, and a modem. As indicated, the gNBe 502 in oneembodiment includes a MIMO Enhancement module 719 in the BB devicememory which is in communication with the BB processing subsystem, e.g.,as SRAM, flash and/or SDRAM components.

The program memory module 711 may implement one or more of direct memoryaccess (DMA) type hardware, so as to facilitate data accesses as is wellknown in the art. The memory module of the exemplary embodiment containsone or more computer-executable instructions that are executable by theCPU processor apparatus 703.

Other embodiments may implement the MIMO Enhancement module/logic 719functionality within dedicated hardware, logic, and/or specializedco-processors (not shown). In another embodiment, the module logic 719is integrated with the CPU processor 703 (e.g., via on-device localmemory, or via execution on the processor of externally stored code orfirmware).

In some embodiments, the gNBe 502 also utilizes memory 711 or otherstorage configured to temporarily hold a number of data relating toe.g., the various UEe identities and configurations for UL MIMO and/orvarious modes. For instance, the gNBe may recall data relating toparticular CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM layer and codeword/precodeconfigurations used with a given UEe from storage and use this as thebasis for configuring the same UEe again (or even another similar UEe).

It will be appreciated that since the gNBe (e.g., each DUe) is lessrestrictive on space than the typical UEe 501 (e.g., mobile device), theDUe may contain a higher number of antenna elements and associatedports, and accordingly higher spatial layer capability of desired. Forinstance, the DUe may contain 64, 128 or more antenna elements and besupported by multiple BB chipsets and RF front ends.

Distributed gNB Architectures

Referring now to FIGS. 8A and 8B, various embodiments of a distributed(CU/DU) gNBe architecture according to the present disclosure aredescribed.

As shown in FIG. 8A, a first architecture 800 includes one gNBe 502having a CU (CU) 804 and a plurality of enhanced DUs (DUe) 530. Asdescribed in greater detail subsequently herein, these enhanced entitiesare enabled to permit efficient UEe/Network signaling and UEe MIMO ULtransmission, whether autonomously, or under control of another logicalentity (such as the NG Core 635 with which the gNBe's communicate, orcomponents thereof).

The individual DUe's 530 in FIG. 8A communicate data and messaging withthe CU 804 via interposed physical communication interfaces 808 andlogical interfaces 810. Such interfaces may include a user plane andcontrol plane, and be embodied in prescribed protocols such as F1AP. Itwill be noted that in this embodiment, one CU 804 is associated with oneor more DUe's 530, yet a given DUe is only associated with a single CU.Likewise, each single CU is communicative with a single common NG Core635 in this embodiment, such as that operated by an MNO or MSO.

In the architecture 850 of FIG. 8B, two or more gNBe's 502 a-n arecommunicative with one another via e.g., an Xn interface 807, andaccordingly can conduct at least CU to CU data transfer andcommunication (including for any desired coordination of MIMO ULfunctions or configurations, such as for a UEe handing over from onegNBe to another). Separate NG Cores 635 a-n are used for control anduser plane (and other) functions of the network.

It will also be appreciated that while described primarily with respectto a unitary gNBe-CU entity or device as shown in FIGS. 8A-8B, thepresent disclosure is in no way limited to such architectures. Forexample, the techniques described herein may be implemented as part of adistributed or dis-aggregated or distributed CU entity 540 (e.g., onewherein the user plane and control plane functions of the CU aredis-aggregated or distributed across two or more entities such as a CU-C(control) and CU-U (user)), and/or other functional divisions areemployed.

It is also noted that heterogeneous architectures of eNBs or femtocells(i.e., E-UTRAN LTE/LTE-A Node B's or base stations) and gNBes may beutilized consistent with the architectures of FIGS. 8A-8B. For instance,a given DUe 530 may act (i) solely as a DUe (i.e., 5G NR Rel. 17MIMO-enhanced PHY node) and operate outside of an E-UTRAN macrocell, or(ii) be physically co-located with an eNB or femtocell and provide NRcoverage within a portion of the eNB macrocell coverage area, or (iii)be physically non-co-located with the eNB or femtocell, but stillprovide NR coverage within the macrocell coverage area.

In the 5G NR model, the DU(s) comprise logical nodes that each mayinclude varying subsets of the gNB functions, depending on thefunctional split option. DU operation is controlled by the CU (andultimately for some functions by the NG Core). Split options between theDUe and CUe in the present disclosure may include for example:

-   -   Option 1 (RRC/PCDP split)    -   Option 2 (PDCP/RLC split)    -   Option 3 (Intra RLC split)    -   Option 4 (RLC-MAC split)    -   Option 5 (Intra MAC split)    -   Option 6 (MAC-PHY split)    -   Option 7 (Intra PHY split)    -   Option 8 (PHY-RF split)

The foregoing split options are intended to enable flexible hardwareimplementations which allow scalable cost-effective solutions, as wellas coordination for e.g., performance features, load management, MIMO ULtransmission and configuration, and real-time performance optimization.Moreover, configurable functional splits enable dynamic adaptation tovarious use cases and operational scenarios. Factors considered indetermining how/when to implement such options can include for example:(i) QoS requirements for offered services (e.g. low latency, highthroughput); (ii) support of requirements for user density and loaddemand per given geographical area (which may affect RAN coordination);(iii) availability of transport and backhaul networks with differentperformance levels; (iv) application type (e.g. real-time or non-realtime); (v) feature requirements at the Radio Network level (e.g. CarrierAggregation).

It will also be appreciated that while not shown, mixtures or gNBe 502and gNB (i.e., unenhanced gNBs), as well as DU/DUe and/or CU/CUe withinthose gNBe devices 502, may be used. For example, if a given DU is knownto service only UE devices, or UEe devices not transmitting more thanfour layers in UL, such DU may not need enhancement. As another example,if all enhanced MIMO functionality described herein is contained withinthe CUe of a given gNBe (i.e., the MIMO UL logic is entirely within thecontroller of a given gNBe), enhanced DU (DUe) may be obviated.Similarly, if all MIMO enhancement logic is within one or more of theDUe, then an unenhanced CU may be used (e.g., as shown in theembodiments of FIGS. 8A and 8B).

Service Provider Network

FIG. 9 illustrates a typical service provider network configurationuseful with the features of the apparatus and methods described herein.It will be appreciated that while described with respect to such networkconfiguration, the methods and apparatus described herein may readily beused with other network types and topologies, whether wired or wireless,managed or unmanaged.

The exemplary service provider network 900 is used in the embodiment ofFIG. 9 to provide backhaul and Internet access from the serviceprovider's wireless access nodes (e.g., eNB, gNBe or Node B NR-U)devices, Wi-Fi APs, and FWA devices operated or maintained by the MSO),and one or more stand-alone or embedded DOCSIS cable modems (CMs) 933 indata communication therewith. It will be appreciated that the gNBe andUEe devices described herein may operate on licensed, unlicensed, orquasi-licensed/shared access spectrum while utilizing the underlying3GPP 4G/5G NR/NR-U based protocols described herein, or mixtures thereof(e.g., mmWave in 52.6-71 GHz band for unlicensed 5G NR Rel. 17operations, NR-U bands for other 5G NR operations, and e.g., CBRS orC-Bands (e.g., 3.550-3.700 GHz) for 4G/4.5G operation). Manypermutations of the foregoing (and in fact others) will be appreciatedby those of ordinary skill given the present disclosure.

The individual gNBe's 502 or other NodeB devices are backhauled by theCMs 933, or alternatively optical fiber or mmWave (not shown) to the MSOcore 932 via e.g., CMTS or CCAP MHAv2/RPD or other such architecture,and the MSO core 932 includes at least some of the EPC/5GC corefunctions previously described. While not shown, it will also beappreciated that the logic of the UEe relating to MIMO Enhancementoperation may also be communicative with and controlled at least in partby a network controller 920 in some embodiments, such as via establishedconnections between the UEe and one or more gNBe's 502.

Client devices 911 such as tablets, smartphones, SmartTVs, etc. at eachpremises are served by respective WLAN routers 907, IoT gateways 917,and NR-U or CBRS capable CPE/FWA 905, the latter which are backhauled tothe MSO core or backbone via their respective gNBe's, and whichthemselves may be enhanced with MIMO UL capability to act in effect asfixed UEe. While such devices may not be mobile as in the exemplary UEe501 previously described, they may be equipped with large antenna arrayand (massive) MIMO technology as previously described herein, includingpoint-to-point mmWave operation in the 52.6-71 GHz band or other. Assuch, the present disclosure contemplates servicing of any number ofdifferent configurations of UEe including both mobile and fixed devices,and a number of possible RAN and PLMN configurations (includingfemto-cell and small-cell “micro” networks maintained by multipledifferent subscribers or enterprises, including those operating withinor adjacent to coverage areas of MSO or MNO macrocells.

Notably, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, all of the necessary componentsfor support of the wireless service provision and backhaul functionalityare owned, maintained and/or operated by the common entity (e.g., cableMSO). The approach of FIG. 9 has the advantage of, inter alia, givingthe MSO complete control over the entire service provider chain so as tooptimize service to its specific customers (versus the non-MSOcustomer-specific service provided by an MNO), and the ability toconstruct its architecture to optimize incipient 5G NR functions such asnetwork slicing, gNB DU/CU Option “splits” within the infrastructure,selection or configuration of subsets or groups of gNBe (or theirindividual DUe) which can participate in coordinated UEe MIMO ULconfiguration and utilization management, RRC connection processes, etc.For instance, where UL coverage of a given UEe is poor, it may in acoordinated fashion utilize DFT S-OFDM mode for its UL to enhancecoverage, consistent with maintaining minimal impact on other nearby UEeor gNBe.

Methods

FIG. 10 is logic flow diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodimentof a generalized method for configuring a user device for enhanced MIMOUL transmission according to the present disclosure.

As shown, the method 1000 includes a mobile device such as a UEsignaling a base station (e.g., gNB) regarding its supported MIMOconfiguration per step 1001. As described elsewhere herein, this mayinclude the maximum number of layers supported, and other data pertinentto determining the mobile device's MIMO UL configuration.

Per step 1003, the base station configures the mobile device forenhanced UL MIMO transmission based on the data obtained from the mobiledevice, as well as other data such as relevant channel quality betweenthe mobile device and the base station.

Lastly, per step 1005, the configured mobile device transmits data onthe enhanced (e.g., higher throughput) MIMO UL to the base station.

1. Dynamically Scheduled PUSCH

FIG. 11 is logic flow diagram illustrating a first exemplaryimplementation of the method of FIG. 10, wherein a dynamic schedulingapproach is used within the exemplary context of the 3GPP 5G NRRelease-17 architecture of FIG. 5 described previously herein.

At step 1101, the MIMO channel between the UEe 501 and the gNBe ismeasured, such as via the Sounding Reference Signals (SRS) generated bythe UEe.

Per step 1103, once the measurement of the channel is completed, the UEe501 determines the MIMO channel rank. The MIMO channel rank determinesor describes the number of the layers that the UEe can transmit in theUL such that gNBe can decode the transmitted layers.

Per step 1105, the UEe notifies the gNBe of the number of layers it cansupport via Information Element (IE) PUSCH-ServingCellConfig. Asdescribed elsewhere herein, the maximum number of layers the UEe cansupport is configurable and based on UEe configuration (number of portsand antenna elements), and for mmWave applications may be 6, 8, 16, 32,64, or yet other values.

Per step 1107, the gNBe configures the UEe for the MIMO transmission inUL, and notifies the UEe the number of layers and precoding matrix to beused. This selected configuration may be based not only on the UEe'sspecific data (which may vary between UEe's), but also on channelconditions which also may vary on a per-UEe basis. As such, the maximumnumber of available layers may not always be selected by the gNBe for agiven UEe.

Per step 1109, the UEe applies the precoding matrix configured by thegNBe to the selected number of data layers, and transmits the data inthe UL using that configuration.

It will be recognized that the methods described in FIG. 11 is for thecondition where the PUSCH is dynamically scheduled via DCI format 0_1 onthe PDCCH. As described previously, in dynamically scheduled PUSCH, theUEe receives a dynamic uplink grant in DCI format 0_1, and obtains thefrequency and time domain resources of the corresponding PUSCH. As such,the method of FIG. 11 is applicable to both CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDMmodulations schemes specified in the 5G specifications.

FIG. 11A is logic flow diagram illustrating a second exemplaryimplementation of the method of FIG. 10, wherein transitions to/fromtransform precode mode operation are used.

At step 1151 of the method 1150, the MIMO channel between the UEe 501and the gNBe is measured, such as via the Sounding Reference Signals(SRS).

Per step 1153, once the measurement of the channel is completed, the UEe501 determines the MIMO channel rank. The MIMO channel rank determinesor describes the number of the layers that the UEe can transmit in theUL such that gNBe can decode the transmitted layers.

Per step 1155, the UEe notifies the gNBe of the number of layers it cansupport via Information Element (IE) PUSCH-ServingCellConfig.

Per step 1157, the gNBe configures the UEe for the MIMO transmission inUL, and notifies the UEe the number of layers and precoding matrix to beused.

Per step 1159, the UEe applies the precoding matrix configured by thegNBe to the selected number of data layers, and transmits the data inthe UL using that configuration.

Per step 1161, the UEe determines if the gNBe 502 has invoked transformprecoding (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM) mode operation. If the gNBe has invoked thetransform precoding mode, the UEe proceeds to step 1163 to “fall back”to its previous MIMO configuration state (i.e., that associated with orspecified for CP-OFDM mode operation), and transmit data using thenumbers of layers and precoding matrix it was configured for beforeentering transform precode mode. In this fashion, the UEe does not haveto use the more restricted single-layer maximum specified with earlierReleases of the NR standard for transform precode operation, but rathercan fall back to the enhanced capabilities of CP-OFDM which it waspreviously using, while still maintaining the other desirable attributesof DFT-S-OFDM such as enhanced UL coverage area.

Subsequently, per step 1165, if CP-OFDM is again invoked (or transformprecode “cancelled”) by the gNBe, the UEe 501 then can simply maintainits current transform-precode mode configuration, which is identical tothe prevailing configuration, unless per step 1167 the gNBe has signaleda new configuration for CP-OFDM.

FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of exemplary embodiment ofenhanced PUSCH-ServingCellConfig information element 1200 according tothe present disclosure. As shown, the parameters 1200 include anexpanded maxMIMO-Layers field 1203, which here is shown as being aninteger from 1-8, although other values and ranges may be used.

FIG. 13A is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPMIMO-Layers parameter IE. FIG. 13B, in contrast, is a graphicalrepresentation of exemplary embodiment of an enhanced 3GPP IEMIMO-Layers parameters IE according to the disclosure, illustrating theMIMO-LayersUL-r17 field 1350 with exemplary expansion up to eight (8)layers.

FIG. 14A is a graphical representation of exemplary prior art 3GPPPUSCH-Config parameter IE with maxRank field limited to 4 layers 1430.In contrast, FIG. 14B is a graphical representation of exemplaryembodiment of an enhanced PUSCH-Config parameter IE according to thedisclosure, including the maxRank field 1460 expanded up to an exemplaryvalue of 8 layers.

FIG. 15 shows a table 1500 representing one embodiment of enhancedprecoding and layer information according to the disclosure.

In one variant, an existing number of bits in the structure (e.g., 6) isutilized to encode a plurality of different precode matrix and layernumber combinations, including layer numbers above 4 for UL CP-OFDM modeoperation. In another variant, additional bits are added to enableencoding of a larger number of precode matrix/layer number combinations,such as for very large mmWave MIMO arrays (e.g., 8-bits, 10-bits, etc.).

In one implementation (as shown in FIG. 15), several of the existingreserved values 1502 in the existing precoding information and layerTables in TS 38.212 Sec. 7.3.1.1.2 for maxRank greater than 2 can beutilized for indication of n-layer (n>1 or 4, depending on mode)parameters.

FIG. 16 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a multi-layer(here, 8 layer) UL MIMO codebook according to the disclosure. In thecase of codebook-based PUSCH precoding, an example of an 8-layer UL MIMOcodebook 1602 applied over 8 antenna ports is shown. A key principle ofthis embodiment is for the precoding matrix to be of full rank. Theentries of the precoding matrix may be derived from row and/or columnpermutations of the example herein. For example, for 8-layertransmission, the precoding matrix needs to be of rank 8, i.e., 8linearly independent columns.

In certain embodiments, the DMRS port information indicated in DCIformat 0_1 needs to be updated to indicate the increased number oflayers. FIG. 17B illustrates a prior art DMRS port specification 1700for dmrs-Type=1, DMRSmaxLength=1, rank=4, as specified in Table7.3.1.1.2-11 TS 38.214.

In contrast, FIG. 17B is a graphical representation of exemplaryembodiment of an enhanced DMRS specification 1730 according to thepresent disclosure, wherein an expanded number of layers/ports is used,and multiple options are available to the selecting process (e.g., gNBeor UEe). As shown, the configuration 1730 of FIG. 17B provides not onlythe extant four-port option, but also higher numbers of ports, such as6, 8, 16, and 32 based on the value selected.

In addition, the number of Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) antenna portsis required to be increased to at least 8. As a brief aside, the gNBemeasures the SRS signals in the UL to estimate the UL MIMO channel, anddecode the UL data from the UEe. In order to decode n independentlayers, n SRS signals/ports are required. Accordingly, the number ofsupported SRS ports may also be increased from the current limited valueof four ports (FIG. 18A) to a higher value (e.g., eight) in theSRS-Config IE, as shown in FIG. 18B.

2. CG-PUSCH

FIG. 19 is logic flow diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of amethod for configuring a UEe for CG-PUSCH UL transmission. Unlike thedynamically scheduled UL channel described above with respect to FIGS.11-11A, the CG (configured grant) scheduling is predetermined.

At step 1903 of the method 1900, the gNBe 502 configures the UEe 501CG-PUSCH transmission. The UEe may be configured with either with TYPE 1CG-PUSCH or TYPE 2 CG-PUSCH, as specified in 3GPP TS 38.214.

In TYPE I CG-PUSCH transmissions, RRC signaling configures the timedomain resource allocation. In TYPE 2 CG-PUSCH transmission, onlyperiodicity and number of repetitions are configured by RRC signaling,while the other parameters are configured through a DCI.

Per step 1905, the gNBe configures the UEe with spatial multiplexingMIMO transmission in the UL, including the number of spatial layers tobe used.

Per step 1907, the UEe transmits data on CG-PUSCH to the gNBe using theconfigured number of spatial layers from step 1905.

Per step 1909, the channel quality is measured (such as via soundingreference signals (SRS) signals transmitted from to gNB from the UEe, orfrom demodulation reference (DMRS) signals).

Per step 1911, it is determined if the channel quality has changed, suchas by the UEe (or the gNBe). If quality has changed, the method proceedsto step 1913, wherein the UEe chooses to modify the currentconfiguration based on the detected changes.

Per step 1915, the UEe notifies the gNBe that it is transmitting datausing the changed configuration, such as via Uplink Control Information(UCI).

Finally, the UEe transmits data to the gNBe via the changed CG-PUSCHconfiguration at step 1507.

FIG. 19A is logic flow diagram illustrating an exemplary implementationof the generalized method of FIG. 19. At step 1953, the gNBe configuresthe UEe for CG-PUSCH transmission as described above.

Per step 1955, the gNBe configures the UEe for spatial multiplexing MIMOtransmission in the UL, including the number of spatial layers to beused.

Per step 1957, the UEe transmits data on CG-PUSCH to the gNBe using theconfigured number of spatial layers.

Per step 1959, the channel quality between the UEe and the gNBe isassessed, and per step 1961, the determination is made that the channelquality has deteriorated. When deteriorated, the method proceeds to step1963, wherein either or both of (i) th number of MIMO transmissionlayers, and/or (ii) the precoding matrix, is/are changed in order tocompensate for the changed channel conditions (in this instance, it willbe noted that that since channel quality degraded, the channel cansustain fewer layers and less capable precode, but the channel may havealso increased in quality, wherein more layers/more capable precode canbe used.

Per step 1965, the UEe notifies the gNBe that it is transmitting data onthe reduced number of layers and/or using changed precode matrix viaUplink Control Information (UCI).

Finally, the UEe transmits data to the gNBe on e.g., the fewer number oflayers than was used for transmitting at step 1957.

It will be noted that while the methods illustrated in FIGS. 19-19A aredescribed for the situation where the UE is configured with CG-PUSCH forthe transmission of uplink data, the illustrated methods may be readilyadapted to both CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM modulations schemes specified inthe 5G specifications.

As a brief aside, in Release-16 NR-Unlicensed (NR-U), CG uplink controlinformation (UCI) is transmitted together with each CG PUSCHtransmission (e.g., prepended thereto). In order to assist PUSCHdecoding at the gNB, this Release-16 CG-UCI contains: (i) HARQ ID (4bits); (ii) New Data Indicator or NDI (1 bit); (iii) Redundancy Versionor RV (2 bits); and (iv) Channel occupancy sharing information. FIG. 20Aillustrates such prior art CG-Uplink Control Information (UCI) CG-UCI,as specified in Table 6.3.2.1-3 in TS 38.212.

By contrast, FIG. 20B illustrates an example of an example for anenhanced CG-UCI 1630 according to the present disclosure, wherein anadditional field 1633 indicating precoding and the number of layers isincluded in addition to those data fields described above. This addedfield enables the UEe to signal to the gNBe of changes to the actualprecoding matrix and/or number of layers necessitated by e.g., changingchannel physical conditions. In the illustrated embodiment, encodingsimilar to that previously discussed (i.e., (0-63) can be utilized). Forinstance, referring again to the Table 1500 of FIG. 15, an existingnumber of bits in the structure (e.g., 6 bits to encode 2⁶ or 64different values) is utilized to encode a plurality of different precodematrix and layer number combinations, including layer numbers above 4for UL CP-OFDM mode operation. In another variant, additional bits areadded to enable encoding of a larger number of precode matrix/layernumber combinations, such as for very large mmWave MIMO arrays (e.g.,8-bits for 2⁸ or 256 values, 10-bits for 1024 values, etc.).

FIG. 20C illustrates another example of an enhanced CG-UCI, whereinadditional fields 2053, 2055 indicating precoding and number of layers,and codewords, respectively, are included. For example, in some cases,when the UEe uses multiple codewords in its UL transmission, the CG-UCImay also include field 2055 to inform the gNBe of the codewords it isusing for UL transmission on the CG PUSCH. In one variant, this data isencoded using a 1-bit field ‘number of codewords’ or the like.

In addition, separate HARQ ID, NDI, RV fields may be utilized on aper-codeword basis as shown in FIG. 20C (i.e., {HARQ ID A, HARQ ID B},{NDI A, NDI B}, {RV A, RV B} for codeword A and codeword B). In oneimplementation, if the 1-bit ‘number of codewords’ field 2055 indicatesonly 1 codeword is being transmitted, then the gNB will only read thefirst half of the bits in the {HARQ ID A, HARQ ID B}, {NDI A, NDI B},and {RV A, RV B} fields, and ignore the remaining bits. However, whentwo codewords are signaled, then both fields (e.g., HARQ A and HARQ B)are read.

It will be recognized that while certain aspects of the disclosure aredescribed in terms of a specific sequence of steps of a method, thesedescriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods of thedisclosure, and may be modified as required by the particularapplication. Certain steps may be rendered unnecessary or optional undercertain circumstances. Additionally, certain steps or functionality maybe added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of performance oftwo or more steps permuted. All such variations are considered to beencompassed within the disclosure disclosed and claimed herein.

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointedout novel features of the disclosure as applied to various embodiments,it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changesin the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be madeby those skilled in the art without departing from the disclosure. Thisdescription is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should betaken as illustrative of the general principles of the disclosure. Thescope of the disclosure should be determined with reference to theclaims.

It will be further appreciated that while certain steps and aspects ofthe various methods and apparatus described herein may be performed by ahuman being, the disclosed aspects and individual methods and apparatusare generally computerized/computer-implemented. Computerized apparatusand methods are necessary to fully implement these aspects for anynumber of reasons including, without limitation, commercial viability,practicality, and even feasibility (i.e., certain steps/processes simplycannot be performed by a human being in any viable fashion).

1-5. (canceled)
 6. A method of operating a millimeter wave(mmWave)-enabled wireless user device, within a wireless networkcomprising at least one wireless access node, the method comprising:receiving from the at least one wireless access node, via an array ofmultiple antenna elements of the mmWave-enabled wireless user device,data relating to configuration of (i) the mmWave-enabled wireless userdevice for a maximum number of data layers supported for transmission ofdata in an UL (uplink) wireless channel, and (ii) one or moretransmission protocols for the UL transmission of data; configuring themmWave-enabled wireless user device according to the received data; andtransmitting data on the UL wireless channel using the configured numberof data layers and the one or more transmission protocols from themmWave-enabled wireless user device to the at least one access node. 7.The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises providingthe at least one wireless access node data relating to the determinedmaximum number of data layers comprises providing the data on an uplinkshared channel established between the mmWave-enabled wireless userdevice and the at least one wireless access node.
 8. The method of claim7, wherein: the transmitting data on the UL wireless channel using theconfigured number of data layers and the one or more transmissionprotocols comprises utilizing a precoding matrix configured by the atleast one wireless access node for the configured number of data layersfor the transmitting data on the UL.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:the at least one wireless access node comprises a 3GPP (Third GenerationPartnership Project) 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) compliant gNodeBcomprising at least one CU (controller unit) and at least one DU(distributed unit); the mmWave-enabled wireless user device comprises a3GPP compliant UE (user equipment) having a plurality of portsassociated with the array of antenna elements; and the providing the atleast one wireless access node data relating to the determined maximumnumber of data layers supported comprises transmitting at least oneinformation element comprising data relating to the determined maximumnumber of data layers supported on a PUSCH (Physical Uplink SharedChannel).
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving andtransmitting occur with a frequency range comprising 52.6 GHz-71 GHz,the array of multiple antenna elements comprises and array of 16 orgreater antenna elements, and the mmWave-enabled wireless user devicefurther comprises at least one wireless interface comprising 16 orgreater antenna ports associated with the 16 or greater antennaelements, respectively.
 11. The method of claim 6, wherein themmWave-enabled wireless user device comprises a 3GPP compliant UE (userequipment), the array of multiple antennas having a plurality of antennaelements, and the maximum number of data layers comprises a numbergreater than four (4) data layers.
 12. The method of claim 6, wherein:the user device comprises a 3GPP compliant handheld mobile device; andthe operating comprises operating the user device in either a cyclicprefix (CP) or discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) mode.
 13. The method ofclaim 6, wherein: the at least one wireless access node comprises atleast one small-cell wireless access node operated by a multiple systemsoperator (MSO) and backhauled by hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network of theMSO; and the receiving from the at least one wireless access node, viaan array of multiple antenna elements of the mmWave-enabled wirelessuser device, data relating to configuration comprises receiving via anarray of multiple antenna elements associated with a fixed wirelessaccess (FWA) mmWave-enabled wireless user device from the at least onesmall-cell wireless access node the data relating to configuration, thereceiving occurring over an unlicensed mmWave frequency band utilized bythe at least one small-cell wireless access node.
 14. A wireless userdevice configured to operate within a MIMO (multiple input multipleoutput) transmission architecture using a plurality of spatial layers,the wireless user device comprising: digital processor apparatus; atleast one wireless interface in data communication with the processorapparatus, the at least one wireless interface configured to utilize aplurality of spatial multiplexing layers and comprising respective oneor more antenna elements for each of said plurality of spatialmultiplexing layers; and a storage device in data communication with theprocessor apparatus and comprising a storage medium configured to storeat least one computer program, the at least one computer programconfigured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, enable thewireless user device to: select either (i) operation in a transformprecode mode, or (ii) operation in a non-transform precode mode, foruplink (UL) transmissions to a wireless base station within a millimeterwave frequency band; and based at least in part on the selection,perform at least a portion of the UL transmissions using the selected(i) or (ii).
 15. The user device of claim 14, wherein the transformprecode mode comprises discrete Fourier transform-based mode, and thenon-transform precode mode is based at least in part on use of cyclicprefix.
 16. The user device of claim 15, wherein each of the transformprecode mode and the non-transform precode mode each utilize multiplecodewords.
 17. The user device of claim 14, wherein the user devicecomprises a 3GPP 5G NR UE (Third Generation Partnership Project FifthGeneration New Radio User Equipment), and the non-transform precode modecomprises a CP-OFDM (cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing) mode which utilizes at least a dynamically allocatedphysical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) based at least on DCI (downlinkcontrol information) signaling from the base station on a PDCCH(physical downlink control channel).
 18. The user device of claim 14,wherein the transform precode mode comprises a DFT-S-OFDM (discreteFourier transform spread OFDM) mode which utilizes at least two of aplurality of spatial multiplexing layers.
 19. The user device of claim14, wherein the user device comprises a 3GPP 5G NR UE (Third GenerationPartnership Project Fifth Generation New Radio User Equipment), and theuplink (UL) transmissions to the wireless base station within amillimeter wave frequency band comprises transmissions utilizing one ormore configured grant (CG) PUSCH channels; wherein the at least onecomputer program is further configured to, when executed, determine atleast one of (i) a configured number of spatial layers, or (ii) aconfigured number of codewords.
 20. The user device of claim 14, whereinthe at least one computer program is further configured to, whenexecuted, cause transmission of uplink control information comprisingdata indicating at least one of: (i) at least one of precoding or layerconfiguration, or (ii) codeword configuration.
 21. A method of operatinga millimeter wave (mmWave)-enabled wireless user device, within awireless network comprising at least one wireless access node, themethod comprising: receiving from a mmWave-enabled wireless user devicefirst data regarding one or more MIMO (multiple input multiple output)configurations supported by the mmWave-enabled wireless user device;transmitting to the mmWave-enabled wireless user device, second datarelating to configuration of the user device for transmission of data inan UL wireless channel, the second data based at least in part on thefirst data and configured to cause the mmWave-enabled wireless userdevice to configure itself, including at least a number of data layersto be used for the UL wireless channel, according to the second data;and receiving from the configured mmWave-enabled wireless user device,third data on the UL wireless channel using the configured number ofdata layers.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first data is basedon MIMO channel rank data generated by the mmWave-enabled wireless userdevice, the MIMO channel rank data based on one or more channel qualityor reference signals measured by the mmWave-enabled wireless userdevice.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving the first datacomprises receiving at the at least one wireless access node at leastone PUSCH-ServingCellConfig Information Element (IE), the at least onePUSCH-ServingCellConfig Information Element (IE) comprising dataindicating the number of data layers, the number of data layers selectedfrom a group consisting of 6 data layers, 8 data layers, 16 data layers,32 data layers, and 64 data layers.
 24. The method of claim 21, whereinthe transmitting the second data comprises transmitting data indicativeof at least one precoding matrix to be used by the mmWave-enabledwireless user device for at least the UL wireless channel.
 25. Themethod of claim 21, wherein the configured mmWave-enabled wireless userdevice uses one of a CP (Cyclic Prefix)-OFDM or DFT (Discrete FourierTransform)-S-OFDM modulation schemes for the UL wireless channel.